Asset Publisher
Polish forests
fot. Paweł Fabijański
fot. Paweł Fabijański
fot. Paweł Fabijański
Poland is in the European lead, while concerning the area of all forests. They cover about 29,2 % of the country territory, and grow within the area of 9,1 million hectares. The overwhelming majority of the forests is state owned, of which almost 7,6 million hectares are managed by the State Forests National Forest Holding..
The number of Polish forest is still growing. The forestation rate of the country has increased from 21 % in 1945 to 29,2 % at the moment. Between 1995 and 2008, the forest area increased by 310 thousand ha. The basis for afforestation works is the "National Programme for Increasing the Forest Cover" (KPZL), assuming an increase of the forestation rate up to 30 % by 2020 and up to 33 % by 2050. Polish forests abound in flora, fauna and fungi. 65 % of the total number of animal species live there.
The forests grow in our country on poor soils, mainly because of the development of the agriculture in previous years. It influences the distribution of the types of the forest sites in Poland. Over 55 % of the forest areas is covered with coniferous forests. In other areas, there are forest sites, mainly the mixed ones. Their small part constitute alder and riparian forests – not more than 3 %.
In the years 1945 – 2011 the area of natural deciduous tree stands within the area of the State Forests National Forest Holding increased from 13 to 28,2 %.
Within the lowlands and uplands the most often occurring tee species is pine. It covers 64,3 % of the forest area of the State Forests National Forest Holding and 57,7 % of private and commune forests. In the mountains the predominant species is European spruce ( in the west) and European spruce with beech (in the east). Domination of pine is the result of carrying on sustainable forest management in the past. Once, the monocultures (crops or cultivations of one species) were the answer to the great demand of industry for wood. Such forests appeared to be quite fragile to climatic factors. They also were often the prey of pests' expansion.
In Polish forests, the share of other tree species, especially deciduous trees have been systematically increasing. The foresters have stepped aside from monocultures – that is why, they try to fit specific species of the forest stand to the natural stand, that would be proper for the given area. Thanks to that, in the years 1945 – 2011, the area of the deciduous tree stands within the lands of the State Forests National Forest Holding increased from 13 to 28,2 %. There occur more and more frequently the following tree species: oaks, ashes, maples, sycamore maples, elms, but also birches, beeches, alders, poplars, hornbeams, aspens, tilias and willows.
Our forests are the most often represented by the forest stands aged 40 to 80 years. The average age of the forest equals 60 years. More and more trees are of big size at the age over 80 years. Since the end of the Second World War, the forests' area has increased up to almost 1,85 million hectares.
Raport o stanie lasów w Polsce 2012
Asset Publisher
Back
Ochrona przeciwpożarowa
An error occurred while processing the template.
Error on line 245, column 29 in 10097#20183917#27914661 file.extension is undefined. It cannot be assigned to fExtension
1<#assign journalArticleLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.portlet.journal.service.JournalArticleLocalService") />
2<#assign dlFileEntryLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.portlet.documentlibrary.service.DLFileEntryLocalService") />
3<#assign imageLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.portal.service.ImageLocalService") />
4
5<#assign journalArticleId = .vars["reserved-article-id"].data?replace('.', '-') />
6<#assign journalArticle = journalArticleLocalService.getArticle(getterUtil.getLong(groupId), journalArticleId) />
7<#assign journalArticleCreateDate = journalArticle.getCreateDate() />
8<#assign journalArticleModifiedDate = journalArticle.getModifiedDate() />
9<#assign journalArticleAuthor = .vars["reserved-article-author-name"].data />
10<#if coauthors?? && coauthors.data?has_content>
11 <#assign journalArticleAuthor = coauthors.data />
12</#if>
13<#if title?? && title.data?has_content>
14 <#assign journalArticleTitle = title.data />
15<#else>
16 <#assign journalArticleTitle = .vars["reserved-article-title"].data />
17</#if>
18<#assign journalArticleUrlTitle = journalArticle.getUrlTitle() />
19
20<#assign serviceContext = staticUtil["com.liferay.portal.service.ServiceContextThreadLocal"].getServiceContext() />
21<#assign themeDisplay = serviceContext.getThemeDisplay() />
22<#assign portletId = themeDisplay.getPortletDisplay().getId() />
23
24<div id="article-${journalArticleId}" class="nfh-cp-article">
25
26 <h1 class="title">${journalArticleTitle}</h1>
27
28 <#if showcreatedate?? && showcreatedate.data == "true">
29 <#assign journalArticleModifiedDate = journalArticle.getCreateDate() />
30 </#if>
31 <div class="metadata">${journalArticleModifiedDate?string["dd.MM.yyyy"]} | ${journalArticleAuthor}</div>
32
33 <#-- MEDIA SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWE -->
34 <#assign printGroupId = "" />
35 <#if journalArticle.groupId != themeDisplay.scopeGroupId>
36 <#assign printGroupId = themeDisplay.scopeGroupId />
37 </#if>
38 <div class="social-media">
39 <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style">
40 <input type="image" alt="${languageUtil.get(locale, "print")}" src="${themeDisplay.pathThemeImages}/nfh-cp/icon-print-20x17.png" onclick="Nfhcp.AssetPublisherPortlet.printFullContent('${portletId}', '${journalArticleId}', '${printGroupId}', '${journalArticleUrlTitle}');" class="print"/>
41 </div>
42 </div>
43
44 <#-- ZDJĘCIA DO GALERII -->
45 <#assign galleryImages = [] />
46 <#assign mainGalleryUuid = "" />
47 <#assign imageDesc = ""/>
48
49 <#-- Zdjęcie główne z galerii -->
50 <#if mainphotogallery?? && mainphotogallery.data?has_content>
51 <#assign url = mainphotogallery.data />
52 <#if url?starts_with("/image/image_gallery")>
53 <#assign uuid = httpUtil.getParameter(url, "uuid", false)?string />
54 <#assign groupId = getterUtil.getLong(httpUtil.getParameter(url, "groupId", false), 0) />
55 <#if dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId) ?? >
56 <#assign image = dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId) />
57
58 <#if image??>
59 <#assign mainGalleryUuid = uuid />
60 <#assign imageDesc = htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(image.description) />
61 </#if>
62
63 <#assign galleryImage = {"url" : mainphotogallery.data, "thumbUrl" : mainphotogallery.data + "&width=250", "desc" : imageDesc, "uuid" : mainGalleryUuid} />
64 <#assign galleryImages = galleryImages + [galleryImage] />
65 </#if>
66 <#elseif url?contains("/documents/")>
67 <#assign urlParts = stringUtil.split(url, "?") />
68 <#assign urlParts = stringUtil.split(urlParts[0]?string, "/") />
69 <#assign groupId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[2]) />
70 <#assign folderId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[3]) />
71 <#assign title = httpUtil.decodeURL(urlParts[4]?string, true) />
72
73
74 <#if urlParts?size gt 5>
75 <#assign uuid = urlParts[5]?string />
76 <#assign mainGalleryUuid = uuid />
77 <#assign image = dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId) />
78 <#else>
79 <#assign image = dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntry(groupId, folderId, title) />
80 <#assign mainGalleryUuid = image.uuid />
81 </#if>
82
83 <#assign galleryImage = {"url" : mainphotogallery.data, "thumbUrl" : mainphotogallery.data + "&width=250", "desc" : htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(image.description), "uuid" : mainGalleryUuid} />
84 <#assign galleryImages = galleryImages + [galleryImage] />
85 </#if>
86 <#-- Zdjęcie główne -->
87 <#elseif mainphoto?? && mainphoto.data?has_content>
88 <#assign galleryImage = {"url" : mainphoto.data, "thumbUrl" : mainphoto.data + "&width=250", "desc" : htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(mainphoto.maindesc.data), "uuid" : "----"} />
89 <#assign galleryImages = galleryImages + [galleryImage] />
90 </#if>
91
92 <#-- Zdjęcia dodatkowe z dysku -->
93 <#if additionalphoto?? >
94 <#list additionalphoto.getSiblings() as additionalphotoItem>
95 <#if additionalphotoItem.data?has_content>
96 <#assign galleryImage = {"url" : additionalphotoItem.data, "thumbUrl" : additionalphotoItem.data + "&width=250", "desc" : htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(additionalphotoItem.photodescription.data), "uuid" : "----"} />
97 <#assign galleryImages = galleryImages + [galleryImage] />
98 </#if>
99 </#list>
100 </#if>
101
102 <#-- Zdjęcia z galerii -->
103 <#if additionalphotogallery?? && additionalphotogallery.data?has_content>
104 <#assign url = additionalphotogallery.data />
105 <#if url?starts_with("/image/image_gallery")>
106 <#assign uuid = httpUtil.getParameter(url, "uuid", false)?string />
107 <#assign groupId = getterUtil.getLong(httpUtil.getParameter(url, "groupId", false), 0) />
108
109 <#if dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId)?? >
110 <#assign image = dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId) />
111 </#if>
112 <#elseif url?contains("/documents/")>
113 <#assign urlParts = stringUtil.split(url, "/") />
114 <#assign groupId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[2]) />
115 <#assign folderId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[3]) />
116 <#assign title = httpUtil.decodeURL(urlParts[4]?string, true) />
117
118 <#if dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntry(groupId, folderId, title)?? >
119 <#assign image = dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntry(groupId, folderId, title) />
120 </#if>
121 </#if>
122
123 <#if image??>
124 <#assign folderId = image.folderId />
125 <#assign folderImages = dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntries(groupId, folderId) />
126 <#if folderImages??>
127 <#list folderImages?sort_by("name") as folderImage>
128 <#if folderImage.uuid != mainGalleryUuid>
129 <#assign folderImageDescription = folderImage.description />
130 <#if folderImage.description?lower_case == folderImage.title?lower_case + folderImage.extension?lower_case>
131 <#assign folderImageDescription = "" />
132 </#if>
133
134 <#assign galleryImage = {"url" : "/image/image_gallery?uuid=" + folderImage.uuid + "&groupId=" + folderImage.groupId,
135 "thumbUrl" : "/image/image_gallery?uuid=" + folderImage.uuid + "&groupId=" + folderImage.groupId + "&width=250",
136 "desc" : htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(folderImageDescription),
137 "uuid" : folderImage.uuid} />
138 <#assign galleryImages = galleryImages + [galleryImage] />
139 </#if>
140 </#list>
141 </#if>
142 </#if>
143 </#if>
144
145 <#-- GALERIA OBRAZÓW -->
146 <#if galleryImages?size gt 1>
147 <div id="gallery-${journalArticleId}" class="multiple-image-gallery royalSlider rsDefault">
148 <#list galleryImages as galleryImage>
149 <a href="${galleryImage.url + "&width=560"}" class="rsImg" data-rsbigimg="${galleryImage.url}">
150 <img src="${galleryImage.thumbUrl}" width="125" uuid="${galleryImage.uuid}" class="rsTmb" />
151 ${galleryImage.desc}
152 </a>
153 </#list>
154 </div>
155 <#elseif galleryImages?size == 1>
156 <div class="single-image-gallery">
157 <div id="gallery-${journalArticleId}">
158 <#list galleryImages as galleryImage>
159 <a href="${galleryImage.url}" rel="lightbox" title="${htmlUtil.escape(galleryImage.desc)}">
160 <img src="${galleryImage.url}&width=716" alt="${htmlUtil.escape(galleryImage.desc)}" />
161 <#if galleryImage.desc?has_content>
162 <div class="mainphotogallery-description">${galleryImage.desc}</div>
163 </#if>
164 </a>
165 </#list>
166 </div>
167 </div>
168 </#if>
169
170 <#-- ZAWARTOŚĆ ARTYKUŁU -->
171 <#if abstract?? && abstract.data?has_content>
172 <p class="description">${abstract.data}</p>
173 <#else>
174 <p class="description">${.vars["reserved-article-description"].data}</p>
175 </#if>
176
177 <div class="content">${content.data}</div>
178
179 <#-- ZAŁĄCZNIKI -->
180 <#assign hasAttachments = false />
181 <#if file?? && file.getSiblings()?size gt 0>
182 <#list file.getSiblings() as fileItem>
183 <#if fileItem.filedescription?? && fileItem.filedescription.data?has_content>
184 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.filedescription.data />
185 <#elseif fileItem.filetitle?? && fileItem.filetitle.data?has_content>
186 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.filetitle.data />
187 <#else>
188 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.data />
189 </#if>
190 <#if fileItemName?? && fileItemName?has_content>
191 <#assign hasAttachments = true />
192 </#if>
193 </#list>
194 </#if>
195 <#if hasAttachments>
196 <div class="attachments">
197 <h2>${languageUtil.get(locale, "resources-to-get")}</h2>
198 <ul class="attachment-list">
199 <#list file.getSiblings() as fileItem>
200 <#if fileItem.filedescription?? && fileItem.filedescription.data?has_content>
201 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.filedescription.data />
202 <#elseif fileItem.filetitle?? && fileItem.filetitle.data?has_content>
203 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.filetitle.data />
204 <#else>
205 <#assign fileItemName = fileItem.data />
206 </#if>
207
208 <#if fileItemName?? && fileItemName?has_content>
209 <#assign url = fileItem.data />
210 <#if url?contains("/documents/")>
211 <#assign urlParts = stringUtil.split(url, "?") />
212 <#assign urlParts = stringUtil.split(urlParts[0]?string, "/") />
213 <#assign groupId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[2]) />
214 <#assign folderId = getterUtil.getLong(urlParts[3]) />
215 <#assign title = httpUtil.decodeURL(urlParts[4]?string, true) />
216 <#if urlParts?size gt 5>
217 <#assign uuid = urlParts[5]?string />
218 <#if dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId)?? >
219 <#assign file = dlFileEntryLocalService.getDLFileEntryByUuidAndGroupId(uuid, groupId) />
220 </#if>
221 <#else>
222 <#if dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntry(groupId, folderId, title)?? >
223 <#assign file = dlFileEntryLocalService.getFileEntry(groupId, folderId, title) />
224 </#if>
225 </#if>
226 <#if file?? && file.icon??>
227 <#assign fileIcon = file.icon + ".png" />
228 </#if> </#if>
229 <#if !fileIcon?? || !fileIcon?has_content>
230 <#assign fileItemExt = fileItem.data />
231 <#assign indexOfDot = fileItemExt?last_index_of(".") + 1 />
232 <#assign indexOfSlash = fileItemExt?last_index_of("/") />
233 <#if indexOfSlash gt indexOfDot>
234 <#assign fileItemExt = fileItemExt?substring(0, indexOfSlash) />
235 </#if>
236 <#assign fileIcon = fileItemExt?substring(indexOfDot) + ".png" />
237 </#if>
238 <#if fileItem.wcagdescription?? && fileItem.wcagdescription.data?has_content>
239 <#assign fileItemWCAGDesc = fileItem.wcagdescription.data />
240 <#else>
241 <#assign fileItemWCAGDesc = "" />
242 </#if>
243 <#if file?? >
244 <#assign
245 fExtension = file.extension
246 textFormatter = staticUtil["com.liferay.portal.kernel.util.TextFormatter"]
247 sizeFormatted = textFormatter.formatStorageSize(file.size, locale)
248 />
249 </#if>
250
251 <li>
252 <a href="${fileItem.data}" target="_blank" <#if fileItemWCAGDesc?? && fileItemWCAGDesc?has_content>title="${htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(fileItemWCAGDesc)}"</#if>><img src="${themeDisplay.pathThemeImages}/file_system/small/${fileIcon}"></a>
253 <a href="${fileItem.data}" target="_blank" <#if fileItemWCAGDesc?? && fileItemWCAGDesc?has_content>title="${htmlUtil.escapeAttribute(fileItemWCAGDesc)}"</#if>>${fileItemName} (${stringUtil.upperCase(fExtension)}, ${sizeFormatted})</a>
254 </li>
255 </#if>
256 </#list>
257 </ul>
258 </div>
259 </#if>
260</div>
